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法律面前人人平等，而非群体成员的特权
路德维希·冯·米塞斯赞成自由主义，它的基础是法律面前人人平等。如今，精英们正在寻求一种法律制定和执行有利于某一群体而不是另一群体的政权。
来源:路德维希·冯·米塞斯研究所信息Ludwig von Mises defended the principle of equality before the law as it was understood within the classical liberal tradition of “the eighteenth and the early part of the nineteenth century.”
十八世纪的自由主义拒绝拥有特殊权利和自由的“精选特权阶级”的概念。 The fundamental purpose of equality under the law was to ensure that no group is granted rights solely by virtue of membership, rights that remain unavailable to those outside it.
但现在所谓的古典自由主义并不反映同样的原则。现在人们所说的古典自由主义大部分来自 20 世纪 60 年代的进步平等主义。现代“古典自由主义”的一个关键原则是“机会均等”的概念，而这在十八世纪并不存在。
Modern notions of equal opportunities, even though misleadingly described as “classical liberal,” are increasingly institutionalized as group rights and protections. The premise of equal opportunities is grounded in group identity, in the sense that the only way to determine whether opportunities are equal is by comparing the experience of one’s own group with that of others.
这个前提——群体身份是定义权利的相关分析单位——在古典传统出现之前就已盛行。 Rights were historically based on one’s position in what Mises described as the “social pyramid,” for example whether one was of “noble birth,” a “lord” or a “serf” of lowly birth. Mises explained that, “In the precapitalistic society those had been paramount who had the strength to beat their weaker fellows into submission.”只有最强者才能获胜。法律面前人人平等的古典理想正是为了拒绝这一点而制定的。
现在只有享有平等权利的公民。没有人因其国籍、观点或信仰而受到阻碍或迫害。
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