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调试，交付和监视指南
A4C Agenda for Change ASH Action on Smoking and Health BCT Behaviour change technique CDTS Cut Down to Stop CLeaR CLeaR tobacco control self-assessment tool CO Carbon monoxide COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CQUIN Commissioning for Quality and Innovation DHSC Department of Health and Social Care FCTC Framework Convention on Tobacco Control FTCD Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence GSL General sales list HSI Heaviness of Smoking Index ICB Integrated Care Board ICS Integrated Care System JHWS Joint Health and Wellbeing Strategy JSNA Joint Strategic Needs Assessment LA Local Authority LGBTQ+ Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and ace LSSS Local Stop Smoking Service(s) LTP Long Term Plan MECC Making Every Contact Count MHRA Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency NCSCT National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training NHS National Health Service NHSE NHS England NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NRT Nicotine replacement therapy OHID Office for Health Improvement and Disparities PGD Patient group direction ppm Parts per million QOF Quality and Outcomes Framework R/M Routine and manual SCS Smoking Cessation Service SIGN Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network SMI Severe mental illness SOP Standard operating procedure STP Standard治疗计划STS吸烟工具包研究TDA烟草依赖顾问TD烟草依赖服务TDT烟草依赖团队TLHC针对肺部健康检查VBA+关于吸烟谁世界卫生组织
吸烟者中的吸烟终止：评论
超过50万葡萄牙人是吸烟者，每天最多消耗十种香烟，与尼古丁依赖性相关，并增加了与烟草相关病理的风险增加。在这种情况下，通过系统的研究进行了研究，对与吸烟者的戒烟治疗有关的现有证据进行了修改，该研究对研究和/或简短的干预进行了分析和比较以获取戒烟的研究。Six randomized clinical trials were included, which demonstrated that bupropion and nicotinic replacement therapy are no more effective than isolated counseling, but that varenicine therapy is more effective than isolated counseling in the obtaining of smoking and maintenance of abstinence to at least 6 months, so its use can be beneficial, with a Sort B. recommendation forceSix randomized clinical trials were included, which demonstrated that bupropion and nicotinic replacement therapy are no more effective than isolated counseling, but that varenicine therapy is more effective than isolated counseling in the obtaining of smoking and maintenance of abstinence to at least 6 months, so its use can be beneficial, with a Sort B.
整合生物标志物和预测因子以提高精度疼痛管理
• Demographic predictors • Age, sex, ethnicity and race, socioeconomic status • Behavioral and Lifestyle Predictors • Sleep quality, physical activity, smoking status, medication adherence, substance use • Social and Environmental Predictors • Social support, work-related factors, environmental stressors, healthcare access • Psychological predictors • Anxiety, depression, fear-avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing, self-efficacy • Trait, state, evoked •患者报告的结果指标（PROS或PROMS）
引用：Sjödin E、Andersson J、Nordendahl M 等。瑞典北部 36 年吸烟和鼻烟使用趋势（1986-2022）：ac
摘要 目的 研究瑞典北部 36 年来的烟草使用趋势。设计和结果测量对构成瑞典北部 MONICA 研究的八项基于人群的调查（1986 年、1990 年、1994 年、1999 年、2004 年、2009 年、2014 年和 2022 年）进行横断面分析。吸烟和鼻烟使用情况通过问卷自我报告，并通过 logit 模型计算年龄调整后的吸烟（包括偶尔使用）和鼻烟使用百分比。设置诺尔布滕和西布滕（瑞典最北部的两个县）的一般人群。参与者包括 6678 名女性和 6320 名男性，年龄在 25 至 74 岁之间，被纳入分析。共有 191 名参与者因缺少吸烟或鼻烟使用数据而被排除。结果 每次调查中，吸烟率都有所下降，2022 年男性吸烟率最低，为 4.9%，女性吸烟率最低，为 9.7%，与 1986 年相比，百分点变化分别为 26.3 和 20.8（组内 p <0.01）。至于鼻烟，男性使用率在 1999 年之前急剧上升，此后一直保持在 25% 至 30% 左右（2022 年为 26.2%），与 1986 年相比，百分点变化在 6.6 至 13.4 之间（组内 p <0.01）。女性鼻烟使用者的比例在第一次调查中极低，但随着时间的推移不断增加，在 2022 年达到最高，为 13.0%，自 1986 年以来百分点变化为 12.5（组内 p
心脏病
吸烟：我们知道吸烟对健康有害，但我们真的知道它对身体的影响。吸烟令人上瘾，这是因为香烟中的一种称为尼古丁的物质。吸烟者中因心脏病而死亡的死亡人数比非吸烟者高60％，大约一半的常规吸烟者最终将被他们的习惯杀死。二手烟（被动）也有害。它将心脏病风险增加25％。1在每8例心脏病死亡中是由于吸烟而引起的。增加了癌症的风险，尤其是肺，喉咙和口腔。如果有人每天将香烟数量减少，他/她将其肺癌的风险降低了27％。也众所周知，通过遵循严格的政权，人们很有可能停止这种不健康的习惯。如果您想停止吸烟：•致电Tees停止吸烟服务，请致电01642 223023。•NHS吸烟热线索引在08001690169•访问网站www.gosmokefree.co.uk。•致电化学家寻求建议；他们在485651上有“停止吸烟计划”。
南澳大利亚州烟草控制战略 2023-2027
我们社区中还有其他人群的吸烟率较高，尤其是原住民、患有精神疾病的人和社会经济弱势群体。这些较高的吸烟率是导致这些社区健康状况较差的重要因素。为了确保我们在减少这些不平等方面取得进展，需要进一步努力降低这些群体的吸烟率。此外，在南澳大利亚州实现烟草“终结”（实现吸烟率接近于零的概念）的进展将需要在战略实施过程中对这些吸烟率较高的群体进行大量投资，并采用量身定制的、基于证据的方法来降低吸烟率。
您需要了解的关于青年和大麻的知识
Marijuana and its oils and concentrates can be consumed in a variety of ways, including by smoking (e.g., joints, bowls, bongs, blunts), vaping (e.g., electronic vaporizing devices like e-cigarettes, vape pens), eating (e.g., cookies, chocolate, candies), drinking (e.g., soda, coffee, tinctures) and dabbing (through a dab钻机）。4当前，没有足够的研究表明一种食用大麻的方法比另一种方法更安全。4每种方法都有不同的公共卫生和安全风险，所有方法都可能对青年大脑的发展有害。4
CHN Mental Health, Alcohol & Other Drugs & Psychosocial Commissioned Services
Althea Wellness Centre is a specialist primary health clinic providing GP, nursing, psychiatry, psychology, pharmacology and counselling services for individuals and their families impacted by current or past alcohol and drug use, mental health and other complex health and wellbeing issues. The services include, but are not limited to: • General health care, medication reviews, and immunisations • Vein care and wound management • Sexual health checks and blood borne virus screening and treatment • Opioid replacement therapy • Smoking cessation or reduction support • Referrals to other services, including priority referral to ACT dental services.
您需要了解的关于青年和大麻的知识
Marijuana and its oils and concentrates can be consumed in a variety of ways, including by smoking (e.g., joints, bowls, bongs, blunts), vaping (e.g., electronic vaporizing devices like e-cigarettes, vape pens), eating (e.g., cookies, chocolate, candies), drinking (e.g., soda, coffee, tinctures) and dabbing (through a dab钻机）。4当前，没有足够的研究表明一种食用大麻的方法比另一种方法更安全。4每种方法都有不同的公共卫生和安全风险，所有方法都可能对青年大脑的发展有害。4