糖尿病性酮症酸中毒(DKA)是威胁生命的医疗紧急情况,需要立即评估和治疗。它仍然是糖尿病的重要并发症,在全球范围内正在增加。这是一种内分泌并发症,涉及高血糖,阴离子间隙代谢性酸中毒和酮症。It is characterized by hyperglycaemia with glucose is greater than 11 mmol/l (200 mg/dl), capillary/venous pH is less than 7.3, bicarbonate (HCO 3 –) is less than 15 mEq/l, serum anion gap is greater than 16 mmol/l, moderate to severe dehydration is seen and creatinine ratio is increased, and ketones (ketonemia and存在酮尿≥3mmol/L)。它发生在1型糖尿病(T1D)和2型糖尿病(T2D)的患者中;以及早期诊断,监测和治疗对于患者的福利是必需的。DKA的治疗涉及体积膨胀,胰岛素置换和预防低钾血症。DKA可以通过早期识别和开始胰岛素治疗来预防。在这里试图详细讨论DKA的各个方面。