Diabetes distress differs from depression because it entails the negative emotional response experienced by people with diabetes, whilst clinical depression is a serious mood disorder which is not a disease-specific condition and is characterised by sadness or anhedonia with additional symptoms of decreased energy, reduced ability to think, significant change in appetite, feeling of worthlessness, insomnia and suicidal ideation (13).丰富的文献表明,抑郁症可能是由于糖尿病患者未经治疗的糖尿病困扰而引起的(14、15、16)。几项研究表明,糖尿病困扰在我们的社会中更为普遍。例如,最近的研究表明,患病率为46%(17)和48.6%(18),而其他研究率为36%(19)和63%(20)。有趣的是,糖尿病困扰与高糖化血红蛋白(HBA 1C)有关,后者可以使患有1型和2型糖尿病的患者易接受糖尿病的不良并发症(21、22、23、24)。此外,文献表明,未经治疗的糖尿病是死亡率,糖尿病相关并发症,疾病管理差和DM客户生活质量差的风险(25,26)。