第1节:研究方法显微镜技术:光,相比,荧光,共聚焦,扫描和传播电子显微镜,细胞测量法和流式细胞仪,固定和染色,荧光内杂交(FISH),GISH(GISH(GISH),基因组中的基因组合杂交)。使用分子方法访问微生物多样性,例如剥落梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE),温度梯度凝胶电泳(TGGE),扩增的RRNA限制分析,终末限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP),16S rdna测序,Metagenomics to BiioInmics and Intermins(Ww Ww Ww Ww) HTML, URLs, Netscape, Explorer, Google, PUBMED), database management system, database browsing, data retrieval, sequence and genome database, databases such as GenBank, EMBL, DDBJ, Swissprot, PIR, TIGR, TAIR, Searching for sequence database like FASTA and BLAST algorithm, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis and detection of open reading帧(ORF)。