分析和完成所提供信息................................................................................................................................96 回复率低的原因....................................................................................................................................97 5.2.2 与 RoHS 相关的经济成本................................................................................................................98 5.2.2.1 经济成本框架.......................................................................................................................98 5.2.2.2 与 RoHS 相关的总成本.......................................................................................................................100 5.2.2.3 行政负担....................................................................................................................................102 与 RoHS 范围相关的负担....................................................................................................................103 与信息和验证活动相关的负担....................................................................................................................104 与豁免程序相关的负担....................................................................................................................110 5.2.2.4 逐步淘汰 RoHS 物质的技术成本.....................................................................................................110 铅逐步淘汰成本的概述.....................................................................................................................111 其他 RoHS 物质逐步淘汰成本的概述.....................................................................................................117 将成本转嫁给客户的能力................................................................................................117 5.2.2.5 合规性的其他经济损失 ..............................................................................................................118 不合规产品的暂时停产 ................................................................................................................119 新产品的延迟推出 ................................................................................................................119 处理过早出现产品可靠性故障的成本 ......................................................................................120 因将内部资源从新设计/创新转移到替代品的研发而造成的收入损失 .............................................................................120 不合规产品的停产（销毁） .............................................................................................................121 5.2.2.6 无法确保满足产品要求 .............................................................................................................121 5.2.2.7 与豁免程序相关的负担 .............................................................................................................122 豁免程序可能会阻碍创新 .............................................................................................................122 豁免撤销程序缺乏经济标准.................................................................................................................122 5.2.2.8 谁在成本方面处于极限？........................................................................................................123 中小企业的特殊负担........................................................................................................................123 WEEE 指令第 8 类和第 9 类产品以及与保护成员国安全基本利益、武器、弹药和战争物资有关的设备.............................................................................................124 5.2.3 与 RoHS 相关的经济利益....................................................................................................129 5.2.4 对内部市场的影响.............................................................................................................131 5.2.4.1 简介.............................................................................................................................131 5.2.4.2 不同成员国 RoHS 法规的范围.............................................................................................131 爱尔兰.............................................................................................................................132 比利时.............................................................................................................................132 立陶宛...........................................................................................................................132 德国 ...........................................................................................................................132 英国 ...........................................................................................................................133 各成员国对范围的不同解释 ................................................................................................133 5.2.4.3 豁免 .............................................................................................................................136 5.2.4.4 成员国的合规体系 .............................................................................................................138 欧盟范围内的方法 .............................................................................................................139 比利时 ...........................................................................................................................141 英国 ...........................................................................................................................141 德国 ...........................................................................................................................142 爱尔兰 .............................................................................................................................1................................................................................142 5.2.4.5 关于内部市场竞争的总体观点 ..............................................................................................143 咨询回复 ..............................................................................................................................143 5.2.5 对创新的影响：RoHS 的成本和收益 ......................................................................................145 5.2.5.1 环境法规与创新 .............................................................................................................145 5.2.5.2 支持 RoHS 指令抑制创新的观点的论据 .............................................................................148 5.2.5.3 支持 RoHS 指令激发创新的观点的论据 .............................................................................151 5.2.5.4 结论 .............................................................................................................................153 5.2.6 RoHS 立法与欧盟以外使用的其他方法的比较 .............................................................................153 5.2.6.1 生效 .............................................................................................................................153 5.2.6.2 法律文书的重点................................................................................................154 5.2.6.3 涵盖的物质和浓度限值...................................................................................................154 5.2.6.4 涵盖的产品...................................................................................................................155 5.2.6.5 限制或披露...................................................................................................................155...........................................................................................153 5.2.6.2 法律文书的重点 ................................................................................................................154 5.2.6.3 涵盖的物质和浓度限值 ................................................................................................154 5.2.6.4 涵盖的产品 ................................................................................................................155 5.2.6.5 限制或披露 ................................................................................................................155...........................................................................................153 5.2.6.2 法律文书的重点 ................................................................................................................154 5.2.6.3 涵盖的物质和浓度限值 ................................................................................................154 5.2.6.4 涵盖的产品 ................................................................................................................155 5.2.6.5 限制或披露 ................................................................................................................155