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•温度的升高通过增加的熔化和/或降水降雨而不是雪•永久冻土融化而导致雪和冰覆盖的降低，因为温度较高的空气温度会加热地面并融化地面的顶层。这可能会导致水收集的凹陷形成，从而形成热力学湖泊。This pooling of water accelerates more thawing, with as much as several metres of soil becoming less stable in just a few weeks • methane is released as permafrost thaws because the water produced from thawing of permafrost allows bacteria to break down organic matter, releasing methane (and carbon) into the atmosphere • changes in vegetation as tundra turns into a marshy terrain with lake filled hollows.•随着融化的融化•海平面上升影响人们和基础设施的融化，包括滑坡在内的大规模运动事件的增加•在所选示例中特定的寒冷环境中的其他变化。
718388-2027-Specimen-Mark-Scheme-
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