AI component: (iv) decision rules d = { d t } t ∈ N Main strategy to optimize decision rules • Offline methods for finite-horizon decision prob- lems, with some exceptions (e.g., for EHRs- based DTRs an indefinite horizon may be con- sidered) • While finite-horizon problems in general ac- count for the full individual history over time, indefinite horizon problems assume a马尔可夫结构。