近年来,气候变化已成为全球紧急状态,因为它有助于加速海平面上升,增加对天气状况以及飓风,热带风暴和干旱等自然危害的频率和强度的不确定性,并扩大了对人类福利和社会经济可持续性的不利影响(McCrystall et and an an an an an an an an and and and and and and and。否则,气候变化也会逐渐危害陆地和水生物种之间的生物多样性。通过审查519个观察性研究,Maxwell等。(2019)发现,有57%的研究群体(包括两栖动物,鸟类,鱼类,无脊椎动物,哺乳动物,爬行动物和植物)对极端气候事件的生态反应表现出负面的生态反应,超过100例人口下降了25%以上,31例面临局部扩张。Meanwhile, mass mortality events of aquatic species induced by climate change have frequently been reported in recent years, such as the emperor penguins in Antarctica (Fretwell et al., 2023), the coral reefs in the Caribbean (Chow, 2023), gray whales in the West Bank (Baumhardt, 2023), and dolphins in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest (The Associated出版社,2023年)。
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