CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a natural bacterial defense system against bacteriophage infection that has recently been harnessed for genome and tran- scriptome editing in a wide range of organisms based on the generation of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) and RNA cleavage (3, 24, 32, 47, 52, 58, 73, 76, 79, 91,127)。是根据工程II(CAS9)和VI型(CAS13)可编程核酸酶,DNA和RNA基础编辑,质量编辑以及CRISPR干扰/激活(CRISPRI/A)编辑(CRISPRI/A)编辑(CRISPRI/A)编辑,启用与基本疾病的校正和安装基本疾病的校正和安装,40个基本疾病的突变(30; 69–71、87、105、115、135),例如转录扰动(138)和表观遗传调节(94)。这些基于DNA的编辑器是通过没有DSB活性的死亡CAS9(DCAS9)或CAS9 Nickase(CAS9N)的融合而生成的,只有对胞嘧啶脱氨酶的活性(例如,APOBEC和C-TO-T编辑的APOBEC和辅助)或trans-FER RNA(TRNA)腺苷(TRNA)腺苷氨基氨基酶(例如,tada)(例如,tada)(37)(37)(37)(37)。RNA编辑系统是通过将DCAS13B/DCAS13D/DCAS13X融合而成的,没有RNA裂解活性与腺苷脱氨酶结构域(例如,ADAR2 DD用于A-TO-I编辑)或工程型胞质Deam-Inase Inase Insaine(例如,ADAR2DD)的87,C-TON 7,c-us-n.7,c.-ty 7,c c. 47,c. 47,c.-ty 7,c-ty 7,c-ty 7,c-us-c.-edy in 13,c-u-u--u-u-udy in 13,c-u-udy in 34,c-u-u--为了启用序列特异性基因组调节,DCAS蛋白还融合到多个基因调节效应子,例如逆转录酶(10),转录阻遏物和激活剂(40,101)和表观遗传性调节器(17,99)。