Unit 1: Research Methodology and Instrumentation Need and importance, characteristics, Review of literature: Sources (Journals, abstracts, and indices), Research problem – Sources, criteria and selection of research problem, statement of problem, research blue print- its components, Presentation of research work: Format, characteristics of research report data analysis structure and organization of scientific papers, dissertation and thesis, Reference writing, methods of citation of journal, articles, books,会议记录,研究方法:描述性 - 调查,相关性和比较研究,案例研究,发展研究,步骤和解释,实验 - 需求和意义,自然,有效性,内部和外部,控制设计的作用 - 单个组和旋转组。
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