科学证据:根据分析的研究,所有这些疗法表现出与达卡巴嗪的标准治疗相比具有统计学意义的优势,对于无进展生存(PFS)和总体存活率(OS)结果,除了达布拉依尼(Dabrafenib)外。关于OS,Nivolumab和ipilimumab的免疫组合疗法将死亡的风险降低了67%(在最坏情况下,23%); Nivolumab或pembrolizumab的免疫单药治疗54%(在最坏情况下为41%);靶向组合疗法的44-46%(在最坏情况下为23-27%); ipilimumab的免疫疗法32%(在最坏情况下为7%);并用vemurafenib靶向单药治疗20%(在最坏情况下为3%)。评估了以下治疗类别的3-4级不良事件:靶向治疗,免疫疗法和化学疗法。A lower risk of adverse events was reported for immuno-monotherapy with anti-PD-1 agents (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) compared with dacarbazine, and the therapeutic classes that showed the highest risk of adverse events were: targeted monotherapy, targeted combination therapy, anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy, and immuno-combination therapy, with a relative risk above 1.40.