1。Forward primers: These primers bind to the 5' end of the target DNA sequence and are used to initiate DNA synthesis.2。Reverse primers: These primers bind to the 3' end of the target DNA sequence and are used to initiate DNA synthesis in the reverse direction.3。嵌套引物:这些引物用于嵌套的PCR反应,其中第二组引物用于放大初始PCR产物内的较小区域。4。退化引物:这些引物包含退化碱基,它们是可以与靶DNA序列中多个碱基结合的核苷酸。5。分子信标:这些引物旨在与特定序列结合并在结合后经历构象变化,可以使用荧光检测到。
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