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Asthma and COPD may co-exist or overlap (often called asthma+COPD or asthma-COPD overlap), particularly in smokers and the elderly.The history and pattern of symptoms and past records can help to distinguish asthma with persistent airflow limitation from COPD.关于诊断或与两种诊断一致的特征的不确定性应促使早期推荐，因为哮喘+COPD的预后比单独的哮喘或COPD差。Asthma+COPD is not a single disease, but is likely caused by several different mechanisms.There is little clinical trial evidence about how to treat these patients, as they are often excluded from clinical trials.然而，患有诊断为COPD的患者也有任何病史或诊断哮喘的患者至少将其视为至少低剂量IC的哮喘（请参阅第28页）以及支气管扩张剂，如果单独用支气管调节剂治疗，住院或死亡的风险增加。
Gina Pocket Guide 2023 哮喘管理和预防摘要指南
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